Clouds need two essential ingredients to form, and both must be present simultaneously for the process to begin. There are two ingredients needed for clouds to form: water and nuclei. The first ...

Tiny particles bubbling up from melting Arctic sea ice play a key role in cloud formation, suggests new research. The discovery may explain why Arctic clouds behave differently — and lead to improved ...

Miriam Freedman (left), professor of chemistry at Penn State, and Heidi Busse, a graduate student at Penn State, studied the freezing activity of four different types of microplastics to see how they ...