For observations based on sensory data, the human brain must constantly verify which "version" of reality underlies the perception. The answer is gleaned from probability distributions that are stored ...

Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), which is defined as a congenital deficiency of retinal ganglion cells, may also involve more distal layers of the retina. We investigated electrophysiological function of ...

Whole-mount immunolabeling enabled high-resolution visualization of peripheral nerve infiltration patterns within melanoma, ...

Chronic angle-closure glaucoma eyes had less paracentrally located visual field loss than did eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma, according to a study. In a retrospective, cross-sectional study ...

There are two specific types of neuralgia, or nerve pain. The first specific type is trigeminal neuralgia, or tic douloureux. Tic douloureux is a neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth cranial ...

Frog brains get busy long before they’re fully formed. Just a day after fertilization, embryonic brains begin sending signals to far-off places in the body, helping oversee the layout of complex ...

Your ulnar nerve runs all the way from your shoulder to your little finger. The ulnar nerve manages the muscles that allow you to make fine movements with your fingers. It also controls some of the ...

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common genetic condition, affecting 1 in 3000 individuals, and people with NF1 are at greater risk of developing a rare, aggressive form of cancer. Diagnosing ...