Hardware abstraction layers (HALs) are an important layer to every embedded software application. A HAL allows a developer to abstract or decouple the hardware details from the application code.

Design of anything, from an ERP application to an embedded software system to a hardware device to a mechanical object, is done at some level of abstraction. Simply, a level of abstraction is the ...

In most cases, device drivers are written with both higher level logic and hardware specific code within the same functions. This means that each time a given physical device is used on multiple ...

Hardware design in electronic system level (ESL) is becoming mainstream, but there are still a lot of questions about its generality. Many engineers believe that the abstractions that are at the heart ...