Not all patients respond well to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies, which reprogram a patient’s own immune cells to recognize and attack cancer. A way to optimize these treatments is to ...

In-situ monitoring and control of etching processes are critical components in the micro- and nano-structuring of materials and thin films. Traditional techniques primarily encompass laser end-point ...

Surface roughness is referred to as a series of microscopic geometric features of tiny valleys and peaks of different spacings and heights that are typically arranged in a non-deterministic way on a ...

Being able to quantify a surface finish is both a complex and necessary task. While surface topography relates to a three-dimensional property, the most accepted surface measurement parameter is ...